Define the term "Root Cause".

The term "Root Cause" refers to the fundamental reason for a problem or defect within a process. Identifying the root cause is essential in problem-solving methodologies, especially in Six Sigma, as it allows teams to address the underlying issue rather than merely treating the symptoms. This deep understanding helps to prevent recurrence by implementing sustainable solutions that rectify the origin of the problem.

Surface symptoms of a problem, while they may indicate that something is wrong, do not provide insight into the cause itself. Outcomes of a process denote the results of the process but do not explain why any discrepancies or defects occurred. Various solutions to a problem may exist, but unless they are directly addressing the root cause, they may only provide temporary fixes rather than long-term improvements. Hence, choosing the definition that identifies the fundamental reason allows for more effective problem resolution strategies in a systematic and data-driven approach.